What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)?
They are a group of viruses that very frequently cause infection in the genital organs, both in men and women.
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable.
However, every year around 300,000 women die from this disease worldwide.
3 key aspects in prevention.
Vaccination, detection and early treatment of precancerous lesions.
The global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has the goal of ensuring that the world’s girls are vaccinated with HPV and that women participate in programs to detect and treat precancerous lesions.
See brochure…
Summary: En 2017, la Agencia Costarricense de Investigaciones Biomédicas, ACIB-FUNIN, inició el estudio ESCUDDO, el cual, busca determinar si una sola dosis de la vacuna contra el Virus del Papiloma Humano, protege igual de bien que dos dosis. Como parte de esta investigación, más de 20 mil mujeres adolescentes fueron vacunadas contra este virus.
Summary: The Costa Rican Social Security (CCSS), the Ministry of Health and the Costa Rican Agency for Biomedical Research (ACIB-FUNIN), began the study RESPIRA in October 2020, el estudio RESPIRA. The objective is, to evaluate the immune response of the organism, against COVID-19. El objetivo, es evaluar la respuesta inmune del organismo, frente al COVID-19.
Summary: The Costa Rican Agency for Biomedical Research (ACIB-FUNIN) began in February 2022 the recruitment of 5,000 women to carry out a clinical trial called PRISMA. The participants will be residents of Limón and San José, who are between 18 and 30 years old.
Some types of human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause cancer in different parts of the human body.
High-risk HPV infections, which persist for a long time, sometimes cause cancer in the parts of the body where HPV infects cells.
The cancers most commonly associated with HPV infection are:
- Cancer of the cervix
HPV causes almost all cervical cancer and is the most common cancer caused by these viruses. Regular screening tests prevent most of these cancers by finding and removing precancerous cells before they become cancerous.
- Oropharyngeal cancer
Most of these cancers that arise in the throat (usually the tonsils or the back of the tongue) are caused by HPV.
- Anal cancer
This cancer is caused by HPV in more than 90% of cases, each year the number of new cases and deaths from anal cancer increases, being more common in women than in men.
- Penile cancer
HPVs are the cause of most penile cancers.
- Vaginal cancer
HPV causes most vaginal cancers.
- Vulvar cancer
HPV causes most vulvar cancers.
Worldwide, HPV-related cancers are on the rise, with high-risk HPVs causing 5% of all cancers. It is that 570,000 women and 60,000 men have an HPV-related cancer each year. Se calcula que 570 000 mujeres y 60 000 hombres tienen un cáncer relacionado con VPH cada año.
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers and one of the principal causes of cancer related to death in low and middle income countries, where screening for detection and treatment of early cervical cell changes of the uterus are scarcely available and the culture of prevention has not been strengthened.
Link de referencia:
https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a group of more than 200 viruses, some of which are transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Most people will become infected in the first few years after becoming sexually active. La mayoría de las personas se infectarán en los primeros años después de haber iniciado su actividad sexual.
There are two groups of sexually transmitted HPV:
- Low-risk HPV.
- 2. High-risk HPV.
Low-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) do not cause cancer, however, some of these are responsible for the appearance of warts in the genital area, anus, mouth, or throat.
There are about 14 types of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), which are each named with a number, and these are: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68. HPV types 16 and HPV 18 cause the majority of HPV-related cancers.
How common is HPV infection?
It is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which means that almost all sexually active people will be infected with HPV within a few months or years after starting their sexual life. About half of these infections are from a high-risk type of HPV.
The human papillomavirus (HPV) infects both men and women and both can develop cancer because to this infection.
Immune system and human papillomavirus (HPV)
Most HPV infections do not cause cancer, because the immune system almost always takes over fighting and controlling the infection. There are exceptions, in which the immune system fails to control HPV infections and these persist, producing cellular changes that could evolve into cancer.
Link de referencia: https://www.cancer.gov/espanol/cancer/causas-prevencion/riesgo/germenes-infecciosos/vph-y-cancer
